Estonia

Accessing care

You can obtain medically necessary treatment by presenting the European Health Insurance Card (EHIC), when you are temporarily staying in Estonia. Medically necessary treatment refers to treatment that cannot wait for your return home. You may need such treatment in case of acute illness or accident. You can also receive treatment related to pregnancy and childbirth or to a chronic illness. The need for treatment must emerge during the course of your stay. If your illness requires regular treatment while you are temporarily staying abroad, contact the health care provider abroad in advance and agree on arranging the treatment. Treatments that need to be arranged in advance include, for example, dialysis, oxygen therapy, specialised care of asthma and chemotherapy as well as echocardiography in chronic autoimmune diseases.

With European Health Insurance Card you will receive medically necessary treatment on the same terms and at the same price as the locals. It is advisable to carry copies of your European Health Insurance Card with you, along with the card itself. If you didn’t have your EHIC with you or it was not accepted, and you were required to pay all the costs of treatment yourself, you might be able to apply for reimbursement from Kela retrospectively.

In case of sudden illness in Estonia, turn to a health care provider who has an agreement with Estonian Health Insurance Fund, EHIF (Eesti Haigekassa). You can search for these health care providers on the website of EHIF (in Estonian). When you show your valid European Health Insurance Card, EHIF will pay the costs of necessary medical care directly to the place of treatment. You are required to pay deductible (for visit, bed-day, co-payment of pharmaceuticals, translation costs etc.) according to local rates.

In addition to national and municipal services, EHIF also covers the costs of necessary medical care in private hospitals, which have an agreement with EHIF for those medical services.

Estonia also has private doctors, clinics and hospitals that do not have agreements with EHIF. If you seek treatment at such a place, you will be required to pay full price and you will not receive reimbursement in Estonia.

Sudden illness

Doctor

In need of a doctor, you should contact a doctor (perearst) who has an agreement with Estonian Health Indurance Fund. Visiting a general practitioner is free of charge in this case if the doctor considers care to be medically necessary and you have a valid EHIC card. You will be asked to fill out a questionnaire, which will form the basis for the assessment.

Seeing a specialist requires a referral from a general practitioner. You can see gynaecologists, ophthalmologists, dermatologists, venereologists, psychiatrists and trauma surgeons without a referral. When you show your valid European Health Insurance Card and identity card, you will only need to pay a patient fee in this case if the doctor considers care to be medically necessary. Pregnant women and children under the age of 2 are not charged a patient fee for special care. There is also no charge for specialist care if the patient is sent to another specialist. The patient fee is not charged for urgent medical treatment that is followed by hospitalisation.

If you do not have the European Health Insurance Card with you, ask your doctor to provide a receipt and a breakdown of treatment together with the invoice (in Estonia, treatment procedures are often marked on the invoice). You can use these documents to apply for reimbursement after returning to Finland.

Dentist

The Health Insurance Fund pays reimbursements for dental care and dentures. The dentist must have a contract with the Estonian Health Insurance Fund. Free dental care is available for children and young people under the age of 19, and for people in need for emergency care when postponing or not providing aid could cause death or permanent injury to the patient.

Medication

Show your European Health Insurance Card and identity card when collecting your medicines prescribed by a contract doctor. You can receive reimbursement for certain medicines approved by EHIF. The level of reimbursement mainly depends on the severity of the illness.

You can buy medicines in Estonia also with an electronic prescription that your doctor wrote in Finland. You can purchase the medication by showing your passport or official identity card in the pharmacy. Note, however, that not all medicines can be purchased with an electronic prescription abroad. Check the restrictions on the  Kanta.fi website. You can claim reimbursement from Kela afterwards.

Hospital treatment

A doctor’s referral is usually required for hospital treatment. In urgent cases, you can go straight to the Emergency Medical Center. Show your valid European Health Insurance Card and identity card at the hospital. Ambulance transport is free. Only domestic emergency air ambulance transport is free of charge.

Read more about suddenly falling ill in Europe.

Read more about reimbursement of costs of treatment abroad.

Useful websites

If you want to travel to Estonia to use healthcare services there, you should read our website for general information about seeking treatment abroad. You should direct your questions about healthcare in Estonia to the Estonian contact point.

In the 1182 online service, you can search for dentists, medical services, general practitioners, private clinics and other health care service providers operating in Estonia. On the website of Estonian Health Insurance Fund (EHIF) you can find more information about the health care services and healthcare providers.

EHIF has more information about dental benefits and services on their website (in Estonian).

Quality and safety of treatment

The Government of Estonia has set the quality requirements for healthcare services and established a supervision system in order to inspect the operation of healthcare service providers. The most important rules related to patient safety are based on the Health Services Organisation Act and the Law of Obligations Act. Malpractices are not systematically registered in Estonia, but the country’s health insurance institute regularly performs clinical audits at the healthcare service providers. In case of malpractice, the party providing the treatment is liable to compensate the patient for the mental and physical damage caused by the provided service.

The treatment provided in Estonia is supervised by the EHIF, the Health Board of Estonia and an expert committee on quality of health services. There is more information concerning the quality and supervision of treatment provided in Estonia on the website of the National Contact Point of Estonia.

In the event of treatment injuries, the legislation and patient insurance of the country providing the treatment is always applied. In case you are unhappy with the treatment you received, you should primarily try to sort the matter out with the treatment provider. The national contact point can help you with finding the right authority if you wish to make a complaint.

Healthcare system

Estonia’s health care system is built on the principle of compulsory solidarity-based insurance and the general availability of services provided by the private providers. Solidarity-based insurance means that all the medically insured people in Estonia are entitled to the same quality health care, regardless of whether they pay the health insurance tax or not. The management and supervision of health care system and development of health policy is under the scope of the Ministry of Social Affairs and its agencies.

Medical care is divided into three levels: Primary or family medical care, specialized medical care and nursing care. Emergency care is provided on outpatient basis (by the emergency medical care) and in specialized care by departments of emergency medicine.

All health care providers are independent entities operating under private law. Estonian Health Insurance Fund, EHIF (Eesti Haigekassa) acts as a single purchaser, compensating all contracted providers for agreed medical services. Family physicians operate as private entrepreneurs or salaried employees of private companies owned by family doctors or local municipalities. Most hospitals are either limited liability companies owned by local governments or foundations established by the state, municipalities or other public agencies. The remaining few are privately owned.